Imports
/- Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Tooby-Smith. All rights reserved. Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE. Authors: Joseph Tooby-Smith -/ module public import Physlib.Particles.StandardModel.HiggsBoson.Basic public import Mathlib.RingTheory.MvPolynomial.Homogeneous

The potential of the Higgs field

We define the potential of the Higgs field.

We show that the potential is a smooth function on spacetime.

@[expose] public section

The Higgs potential

The structure Potential is defined with two fields, μ2 corresponding to the mass-squared of the Higgs boson, and l corresponding to the coefficient of the quartic term in the Higgs potential. Note that l is usually denoted λ.

The mass-squared of the Higgs boson.

The quartic coupling of the Higgs boson. Usually denoted λ.

structure Potential where μ2 : 𝓵 :
TODO "Define a CoeFun instance for the Higgs Potential (or similar), instead of relying on `P.toFun`."

Given a element P of Potential, P.toFun is Higgs potential. It is defined for a Higgs field φ and a spacetime point x as

-μ² ‖φ‖_H^2 x + l * ‖φ‖_H^2 x * ‖φ‖_H^2 x.

def toFun (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : := - P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x

The potential is smooth.

lemma toFun_smooth (φ : HiggsField) : ContMDiff 𝓘(, SpaceTime) 𝓘(, ) (fun x => P.toFun φ x) := P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldContMDiff 𝓘(, SpaceTime) 𝓘(, ) fun x => P.toFun φ x P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldContMDiff 𝓘(, SpaceTime) 𝓘(, ) fun x => -(P.μ2 * φ x ^ 2) + P.𝓵 * φ x ^ 2 * φ x ^ 2 All goals completed! 🐙

The Higgs potential formed by negating the mass squared and the quartic coupling.

def neg : Potential where μ2 := - P.μ2 𝓵 := - P.𝓵
@[simp] lemma toFun_neg (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : P.neg.toFun φ x = - P.toFun φ x := P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.neg.toFun φ x = -P.toFun φ x P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTime- -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x = -(-P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x) All goals completed! 🐙@[simp] lemma μ2_neg : P.neg.μ2 = - P.μ2 := P:PotentialP.neg.μ2 = -P.μ2 All goals completed! 🐙@[simp] lemma 𝓵_neg : P.neg.𝓵 = - P.𝓵 := P:PotentialP.neg.𝓵 = -P.𝓵 All goals completed! 🐙

Basic properties

@[simp] lemma toFun_zero (x : SpaceTime) : P.toFun 0 x = 0 := P:Potentialx:SpaceTimeP.toFun 0 x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙lemma complete_square (h : P.𝓵 0) (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : P.toFun φ x = P.𝓵 * (φ‖_H^2 x - P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) ^ 2 - P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) := P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.toFun φ x = P.𝓵 * (φ‖_H^2 x - P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) ^ 2 - P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTime-P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x = P.𝓵 * (φ‖_H^2 x - P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) ^ 2 - P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeφ‖_H^2 x * P.𝓵 * (-P.μ2 + φ‖_H^2 x * P.𝓵) * 2 ^ 2 * 4 = (φ‖_H^2 x * P.𝓵 * 2 - P.μ2) ^ 2 * 4 - P.μ2 ^ 2 * 2 ^ 2 All goals completed! 🐙

The quadratic equation satisfied by the Higgs potential at a spacetime point x.

lemma as_quad (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x + (- P.μ2) * φ‖_H^2 x + (- P.toFun φ x) = 0 := P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.toFun φ x = 0 P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -(-P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x) = 0 All goals completed! 🐙

The Higgs potential is zero iff and only if the higgs field is zero, or the higgs field has norm-squared P.μ2 / P.𝓵, assuming P.𝓁 = 0.

P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehV:P.toFun φ x = 0h1:P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -0 = 0h2✝:φ‖_H^2 x * (P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2) = 0h2:P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2 = 0φ‖_H^2 x * P.𝓵 = P.μ2; All goals completed! 🐙) P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ x = 0 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵P.toFun φ x = 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ x = 0P.toFun φ x = 0P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵P.toFun φ x = 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ x = 0P.toFun φ x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵P.toFun φ x = 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵-P.μ2 * (P.μ2 / P.𝓵) + P.𝓵 * (P.μ2 / P.𝓵) * (P.μ2 / P.𝓵) = 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehD:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵P.μ2 ^ 2 * (-1 + 1) = P.𝓵 * 0 All goals completed! 🐙

The discriminant

The discriminant of the quadratic equation formed by the Higgs potential.

def quadDiscrim (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : := discrim P.𝓵 (- P.μ2) (- P.toFun φ x)

The discriminant of the quadratic formed by the potential is non-negative.

P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-P.toFun φ x) = (2 * P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2) ^ 20 P.quadDiscrim φ xP:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:P.𝓵 * (φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x) + -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.toFun φ x = 0P.𝓵 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-P.toFun φ x) = (2 * P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2) ^ 20 P.quadDiscrim φ x P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-P.toFun φ x) = (2 * P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2) ^ 20 (2 * P.𝓵 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.μ2) ^ 2 All goals completed! 🐙 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:P.𝓵 * (φ‖_H^2 x * φ‖_H^2 x) + -P.μ2 * φ‖_H^2 x + -P.toFun φ x = 0P.𝓵 0 All goals completed! 🐙
lemma quadDiscrim_eq_sqrt_mul_sqrt (h : P.𝓵 0) (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : P.quadDiscrim φ x = Real.sqrt (P.quadDiscrim φ x) * Real.sqrt (P.quadDiscrim φ x) := (Real.mul_self_sqrt (P.quadDiscrim_nonneg h φ x)).symmP:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehV:P.toFun φ x = -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)(-P.μ2) ^ 2 - 4 * P.𝓵 * -(-P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)) = 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehV:P.toFun φ x = -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)P.μ2 ^ 2 * (1 - 1) = 0 All goals completed! 🐙P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehF:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)-P.μ2 * (P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) + P.𝓵 * (P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) * (P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)) = -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehF:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵)P.μ2 ^ 2 * (-2 + 1) * 4 = -(P.μ2 ^ 2 * 2 ^ 2) All goals completed! 🐙

For an element P of Potential, if l < 0 then the following upper bound for the potential exists

P.toFun φ x ≤ - μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * 𝓵).

P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:0 P.μ2 ^ 2 - 4 * P.𝓵 * -P.toFun φ x-P.μ2 ^ 2 P.toFun φ x * (4 * P.𝓵) All goals completed! 🐙

For an element P of Potential, if 0 < l then the following lower bound for the potential exists

- μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * 𝓵) ≤ P.toFun φ x.

P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1:-P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ x-P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ x All goals completed! 🐙

If P.𝓵 is negative, then if P.μ2 is greater than zero, for all space-time points, the potential is negative P.toFun φ x ≤ 0.

lemma neg_𝓵_toFun_neg (h : P.𝓵 < 0) (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : (0 < P.μ2 P.toFun φ x 0) P.μ2 0 := P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTime0 < P.μ2 P.toFun φ x 0 P.μ2 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:P.μ2 00 < P.μ2 P.toFun φ x 0 P.μ2 0P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬P.μ2 00 < P.μ2 P.toFun φ x 0 P.μ2 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:P.μ2 00 < P.μ2 P.toFun φ x 0 P.μ2 0 All goals completed! 🐙 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬P.μ2 0P.toFun φ x 0 P:Potentialh:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬P.μ2 0-(P.μ2 * φ x ^ 2) + P.𝓵 * φ x ^ 2 * φ x ^ 2 0 All goals completed! 🐙

If P.𝓵 is bigger then zero, then if P.μ2 is less than zero, for all space-time points, the potential is positive 0 ≤ P.toFun φ x.

lemma pos_𝓵_toFun_pos (h : 0 < P.𝓵) (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : (P.μ2 < 0 0 P.toFun φ x) 0 P.μ2 := P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.μ2 < 0 0 P.toFun φ x 0 P.μ2 simpa using P.neg.neg_𝓵_toFun_neg (P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.neg.𝓵 < 0 All goals completed! 🐙) φ x

For an element P of Potential with l < 0 and a real c : ℝ, there exists a Higgs field φ and a spacetime point x such that P.toFun φ x = c iff one of the following two conditions hold:

    0 < μ2 and c ≤ 0. That is, if l is negative and μ2 positive, then the potential takes every non-positive value.

    or μ2 ≤ 0 and c ≤ - μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * 𝓵). That is, if l is negative and μ2 non-positive, then the potential takes every value less then or equal to its bound.

P:Potentialh𝓵:P.𝓵 < 0c:h:0 < P.μ2 c 0 P.μ2 0 c -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)a: := (P.μ2 - (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))) / (2 * P.𝓵)ha:0 ahd:0 discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c)hdd:discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c) = (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c)) * (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))P.𝓵 * (a * a) + -P.μ2 * a + -c = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:P.𝓵 < 0c:h:0 < P.μ2 c 0 P.μ2 0 c -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)a: := (P.μ2 - (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))) / (2 * P.𝓵)ha:0 ahd:0 discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c)hdd:discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c) = (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c)) * (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))a = (- -P.μ2 + (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))) / (2 * P.𝓵) a = (- -P.μ2 - (discrim P.𝓵 (-P.μ2) (-c))) / (2 * P.𝓵) All goals completed! 🐙

For an element P of Potential with 0 < l and a real c : ℝ, there exists a Higgs field φ and a spacetime point x such that P.toFun φ x = c iff one of the following two conditions hold:

    μ2 < 0 and 0 ≤ c. That is, if l is positive and μ2 negative, then the potential takes every non-negative value.

    or 0 ≤ μ2 and - μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * 𝓵) ≤ c. That is, if l is positive and μ2 non-negative, then the potential takes every value greater then or equal to its bound.

P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵c:h1:(∃ φ x, P.toFun φ x = c) P.μ2 < 0 0 c 0 P.μ2 -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) c(∃ φ x, P.toFun φ x = c) P.μ2 < 0 0 c 0 P.μ2 -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) c All goals completed! 🐙

Boundedness of the potential

Given a element P of Potential, the proposition IsBounded P is true if and only if there exists a real c such that for all Higgs fields φ and spacetime points x, the Higgs potential corresponding to φ at x is greater then or equal toc. I.e.

∀ Φ x, c ≤ P.toFun Φ x.

def IsBounded : Prop := c, Φ x, c P.toFun Φ x

Given a element P of Potential which is bounded, the quartic coefficient 𝓵 of P is non-negative.

P:Potentialhl:P.𝓵 < 0c:hc: (Φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), c P.toFun Φ xc_le_of_attainable: (v : ), 0 < P.μ2 v 0 P.μ2 0 v -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) c v:0 < P.μ2hcz:0 < cFalse linarith [c_le_of_attainable 0 (Or.inl , P:Potentialhl:P.𝓵 < 0c:hc: (Φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), c P.toFun Φ xc_le_of_attainable: (v : ), 0 < P.μ2 v 0 P.μ2 0 v -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) c v:0 < P.μ2hcz:0 < c0 0 All goals completed! 🐙)]

Given a element P of Potential with 0 < 𝓵, then the potential is bounded.

lemma isBounded_of_𝓵_pos (h : 0 < P.𝓵) : P.IsBounded := P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵P.IsBounded P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵 c, (Φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), c P.toFun Φ x P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵h2: (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ x c, (Φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), c P.toFun Φ x P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵h2: (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ xhn:¬ c, (Φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), c P.toFun Φ xFalse P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵h2: (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ xhn: (x : ), x_1 x_2, P.toFun x_1 x_2 < xFalse P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵h2: (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ xhn: (x : ), x_1 x_2, P.toFun x_1 x_2 < xφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehx:P.toFun φ x < -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)False P:Potentialh:0 < P.𝓵h2: (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime), -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ xhn: (x : ), x_1 x_2, P.toFun x_1 x_2 < xφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehx:P.toFun φ x < -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)h2':-P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ xFalse All goals completed! 🐙

When there is no quartic coupling, the potential is bounded iff the mass squared is non-positive, i.e., for P : Potential then P.IsBounded iff P.μ2 ≤ 0. That is to say - P.μ2 * ‖φ‖_H^2 x is bounded below iff P.μ2 ≤ 0.

informal_lemma isBounded_iff_of_𝓵_zero where deps := [`StandardModel.HiggsField.Potential.IsBounded, `StandardModel.HiggsField.Potential] tag := "6V2K5"

Minimum and maximum

P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeφ x = 0 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵 φ x = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeφ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵 φ x = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵φ x = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh:φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / P.𝓵hx':φ‖_H^2 x = 0φ x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1: (c : ), (∃ φ x, P.toFun φ x = c) P.μ2 < 0 0 c 0 P.μ2 -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) cattainable_nonneg: (v : ), P.μ2 < 0 0 v 0 P.μ2 -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) v 0 vh:P.toFun φ x = 0 (a : HiggsField) (b : SpaceTime), 0 P.toFun a b All goals completed! 🐙P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:P.μ2 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeP.toFun φ x = 0 φ x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵hμ2:0 P.μ2φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeh1: (c : ), (∃ φ x, P.toFun φ x = c) -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) ch:P.toFun φ x = -P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵)φ':HiggsFieldx':SpaceTime-P.μ2 ^ 2 / (4 * P.𝓵) P.toFun φ' x' All goals completed! 🐙All goals completed! 🐙

Given an element P of Potential with 0 < l, then the Higgs field φ and spacetime point x minimize the potential if and only if one of the following conditions holds

    0 ≤ μ2 and ‖φ‖_H^2 x = μ2 / (2 * 𝓵).

    or μ2 < 0 and φ x = 0.

theorem isMinOn_iff_field_of_𝓵_pos (h𝓵 : 0 < P.𝓵) (φ : HiggsField) (x : SpaceTime) : IsMinOn (fun (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) (0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 /(2 * P.𝓵)) (P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0) := P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimeIsMinOn (fun x => match x with | (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) 0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:0 P.μ2IsMinOn (fun x => match x with | (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) 0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬0 P.μ2IsMinOn (fun x => match x with | (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) 0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:0 P.μ2IsMinOn (fun x => match x with | (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) 0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙 P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬0 P.μ2IsMinOn (fun x => match x with | (φ, x) => P.toFun φ x) Set.univ (φ, x) 0 P.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) P.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0 simpa [hμ2, lt_of_not_ge hμ2] using P.isMinOn_iff_field_of_μSq_nonpos_𝓵_pos h𝓵 (P:Potentialh𝓵:0 < P.𝓵φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTimehμ2:¬0 P.μ2P.μ2 0 All goals completed! 🐙) φ x
P:Potentialφ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTime(∀ (x_1 : HiggsField × SpaceTime), P.toFun x_1.1 x_1.2 P.toFun (φ, x).1 (φ, x).2) (x_1 : HiggsField × SpaceTime), -P.toFun (φ, x).1 (φ, x).2 -P.toFun x_1.1 x_1.2 All goals completed! 🐙

Given an element P of Potential with l < 0, then the Higgs field φ and spacetime point x maximizes the potential if and only if one of the following conditions holds

    μ2 ≤ 0 and ‖φ‖_H^2 x = μ2 / (2 * 𝓵).

    or 0 < μ2 and φ x = 0.

P:Potentialh𝓵:P.𝓵 < 0φ:HiggsFieldx:SpaceTime0 P.neg.μ2 φ‖_H^2 x = P.neg.μ2 / (2 * P.neg.𝓵) P.neg.μ2 < 0 φ x = 0 P.μ2 0 φ‖_H^2 x = P.μ2 / (2 * P.𝓵) 0 < P.μ2 φ x = 0 All goals completed! 🐙